大学共同利用機関法人　人間文化研究機構　総合地球環境学研究所

The Citarum basin was selected for the case of Indonesia study site of RIHN Water-energy-food Nexus Project with focus on the Juanda/Jatiluhur dam as the downstream of the three large cascaded reservoirs. In this study, the approach followed closely the framework already developed within the WEFN Project that intends to establish a method to manage and optimize the water-energy-food nexus to increase human-environmental security and decrease vulnerability by developing integrated indicators. Understanding sustainability and the nexus approach will be reviewed briefly and descriptions of the Citarum study site is presented, before discussions on issues that affected the Jatiluhur/Citarum nexus resources that were triggered by economic development in the past decades. This economic development has expanded the industrial activities with the industrial and residential estates in lower Citarum basin that contribute significantly to agricultural land and paddy fields conversion.

High population pressure and encroachment to upstream areas have caused deforestation, severe erosion and basin land degradation that further caused flooding and other water related disasters, solid waste and water pollutions, complex social problems, technological and financial issues. Development of integrated indices for the Jatiluhur/Citarum nexus resources in four dimensions: environmental, economical, socio-cultural, and governance were attempted indicating highest risk of the water component. Selection of indicators and respected threshold values is sensitive to scale or locality of nexus resources. Evaluation of water availability of Citarum basin and the increasing demands for water, energy, food revealed the critical status even at present condition that requires further trade off analysis to come up with strategic decision to modify the current water allocation policy. It was concluded that the development of water-energy-food nexus approach should consider satisfying the basic conservation laws of mass and energy as sufficiency condition, and effective indicators of sustainability as necessary condition to contribute scientifically to the emergence of sustainability science.