In the early 20th century, there was a competition to develop the technology of artificial nitrogen (N) fixation from dinitrogen (N₂). Its winner was a technology known as the Haber–Bosch process. This synthesizes ammonia from N₂ and hydrogen, same as the biological N fixation. However, while biological N fixation is a microbial process at room temperature and pressure, the Haber–Bosch process requires high-temperature and high-pressure conditions of 400–600 °C and 200–400 atm, respectively.