“Ecology of care” is a framework for multidisciplinary research and practice to address health issues closely related simultaneously to biological and social milieus. This research project focuses on epilepsy and dementia as two common neurological diseases. It aims to understand knowledge, technologies, and values as factors that determine the quality of life of individuals and families affected by these diseases in various ecological and social settings. Livelihood, disease burden, care relationships, and social conflicts are among the major areas of concern.