第3回IAS国際会議New Horizons in Islamic Area Studies サテライトシンポジウム
「アラブ社会のなりわい生態系におけるキーストーン種」

「アラブ社会のなりわい生態系におけるキーストーン種」と題した国際シンポジウムを下記のとおり開催致します。是非ご参加下さい。
（当シンポジウムは2010年12月17−19日に京都国際会館にて開催されます「第3回IAS国際会議New Horizons in Islamic Area Studies」のサテライトシンポジウムとして開催致します。）

日  時：	2010年12月20日（月）〜21日（火）
場  所：	総合地球環境学研究所 講演室 (アクセス)
タイトル：	アラブ社会のなりわい生態系におけるキーストーン種 “Keystone Species of Human Subsistence Ecosystems in Arab Societies”
ホストプロジェクト：	(1) RIHN research project: “A Study of Human Subsistence Ecosystems in Arab Society: To Combat Livelihood Degradation for the Post-oil Era” (Project Leader: Hiroshi NAWATA, RIHN). http://www.chikyu.ac.jp/rihn/project/R-05.html (2) JSPS Scientific Research (S): “Historic-Ecological Studies of Afro-Eurasian Inner Dry Land Civilizations and their Modern Changes from the View Point of Pastoralism” (Principal Investigator: Yoshihito SHIMADA, Nagoya University). http://afroasia.lit.nagoya-u.ac.jp/~hikaku/dryland/
備　考：	アブストラクト集（PDF:662KB） ポスター（PDF:497KB）

【キーノート】

The concept of “keystone species” has been developed in the fields of ecology and conservation biology. A keystone species plays a crucial supportive role in its ecosystem that is analogous to the role of a keystone in an arch. In an arch, if the keystone is loosened or lost, the arch will collapse. Similarly, the removal of a keystone species may cause dramatic changes in an ecosystem, even if that species represented only a small part of the ecosystem by measures of biomass or productivity (Paine 1995, Mills et al. 1993).

In human subsistence ecosystems (social ecosystems) in Arab societies, we suppose that camels, date palm, dugong, mangrove, and coral (reef) are keystone species. The presences of these species contribute to biodiversity; removal of these species could lead to the disappearance of other life forms in the area, including humans. Keystone species help support the social ecosystem of which they are a part. Living communities of these species depend closely on one another for survival. If such keystone species were removed or became extinct (or lost their roles in socio-ecological systems), human subsistence ecosystems would experience a dramatic shift or even a catastrophic collapse in the future.

For example, people of the study region have long used one-humped camels for numerous purposes, including transportation, packing goods, carrying or lifting water, and milling and cultivation, as well as for milk, meat, and hide production (Bulliet 1975, Wilson 1984). In recent times, though, the camel has become less important to human life in general. For example, in the Arabian Peninsula, cars have begun to displace camels as the means of transportation in the desert. Furthermore, although town and desert residents still enjoy camel milk and meat, they have fewer opportunities to consume these products (Chatty 1986, Katakura 1991). On the other hand, a particular type of camel has risen in value over the last several decades: the racing camel. In the oil era, camel racing has become more popular and has been developed into a more formal sport or cultural event in the Middle East. Due to increased demand, the price of a mature, fast racing camel increased more than 20 times in local Arab markets between the 1970s and 1980s. By the 1990s, some camels sold for as much as US$ 800,000 in the Gulf states. Camel jockeys and herders from Sudan migrated to the Arabian Peninsula to work as pastoralists. The production of racing camels is a recent phenomenon. However, camel-centered livestock production has extended from the Red Sea to northeast Africa and the Arabian Peninsula since medieval times. These relationships are still working and becoming strengthened as networks for trading racing camels (Nawata 2005b, 2008). Without camels, Arab subsistence ecosystems would cease to exist. Local people recognize the connection of humans and camels in the post-oil era, as expressed in this Saudi saying: “My father rode a camel, I drive a car, my son rides in a jet airplane ? his son will ride a camel” (Bryce 2007).

The keystone species which will be discussed in the human subsistence ecosystems in Arab societies will be: the camel; dugong; date palm; mangrove species; coral reefs; and mesquite. Discussions on these species will be led by Japanese researchers and foreign researchers from Algeria, Sudan, and UAE.

There will be 3 Sessions;

Session 1: Mangrove and Dugong as keystone species: Human Subsistence Ecosystems of the Red Sea (Afternoon, December 20)

Session 2: Mesquite: Alien Species Invasive to Human Subsistence Ecosystems (Morning, December 21)

Session 3: Date palm and Camel as keystone species: Human Subsistence Ecosystems of the Saharan Oasis (Afternoon, December 21)

【プログラム】

Morning, December 20
8:45-	Introduction: Hiroshi NAWATA (RIHN)
9:00-10:00	RIHN introduction tour for related researchers of IAS International Conference participants, NIHU Program: Islamic Area Studies, and Japan Association for Middle East Studies (in English and Japanese)
10:30-	Hiroshi NAWATA (RIHN) “Concepts of Keystone Species of Human Subsistence Ecosystems in Arab Societies”
11:00-	Hiroshi NAWATA (RIHN) “Historical and Ethnographical Studies on Operculum of Gastropods as Incense and Perfume in the Coastal Zones of Arid Tropics”
11:30-	Comment: Dorian Q. FULLER (Institute of Archaeology, University College London, London, UK)
12:00-13:30	Lunch time
Afternoon, December 20 Session 1: Mangrove and Dugong as keystone species: Human Subsistence Ecosystems of the Red Sea
13:30-	Ryo NAKAMURA (RIHN) “The Dryland Fishing Culture of the Ababda Maritime Society along the Red Sea Coast of Southern Egypt”
14:00-	Ken YOSHIKAWA, Ichido YOSHIMORI, and Masaki INOUE (Okayama University) “Forest Structure of Gray Mangrove (Avicennia marina) on the Red Sea Coast in Egypt”
14:30-	Ichido YOSHIMORI, Ken YOSHIKAWA (Okayama University), and Akihiro SEO (RIHN) “Microsatellite Markers for Avicennia marina”
15:00-	Atsushi NAKASHIMA, Tomohiro TERAMINAMI, and Mao Ominami (Wakayama University) “The Effect of the Habitat Condition on the Growth of Avicennia marina on the Red Sea Coast”
15:30-	Ryo BANJO, Naoko MATSUO (Mie University), Atsushi NAKASHIMA (Wakayama University), and Ken YOSHIKAWA (Okayama University) “Water Use of Grey Mangrove on the Red Sea Coast of Egypt Elucidated by Isotope Approach”
16:00-	Kotaro ICHIKAWA (RIHN) “Conservation of Keystone Species in Human Subsistence Ecosystems: Studies on vocal behavior of the dugongs in Thailand”
16:30-	Comment:Motohiko KOGO (Action for Mangrove Reforestation [ACTMANG])
Evening, December 20 (Mon.): Reception Party (18:30-)
Morning, December 21 Session 2: Mesquite: Alien Species Invasive to Human Subsistence Ecosystems
10:00-	Hiroshi NAWATA (RIHN) “Livestock Playing a Key Role in Mesquite Invasion”
10:30-	SHADIA Abdel Ati (Sudan University of Science and Technology) “Utilization of Mesquite as Animal Feed”
11:00-	Yoshiharu FUJII (National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences), Abdel Gabar BABIKER (Sudan University of Science and Technology), Yukihiro SUGIMOTO (Kobe University), and Hiroshi NAWATA (RIHN) “Allelopathic Activity of Mesquite (Prosopis juliflora) and Screening of Allelopathic Plants in Sudan”
11:30-	Comments: Takakazu YUMOTO (RIHN)
12:00-13:30	Lunch time
Afternoon, December 21 Session 3: Date palm and Camel as Keystone Species: Human Subsistence Ecosystems of the Saharan Oasis
13:30-	Yoshihito SHIMADA (Nagoya University) “Saharan Oases and the Black African Civilization”
14:00-	Muhammad HOUTIA (University of Adrar) “Caravans Trade between Touat and West of Africa”
14:30-	Abderrahmane BENKHALIFA (Ecole Normale Superieure, Alger, Algerie/Adviser at the Centre national de Developpement des Ressources biologiques [CNDRB]) “Date Palm Diversity: Case Study of InBelbel and Matriouen Oases, Central Sahara in Algeria”
15:00-	Shun ISHIYAMA (RIHN) “Change of Human Subsistence in Sahara Oases”
15:30-16:00	Coffee break
16:00-	Takashi SAKATA (Ishinomaki Senshu University) “Camels in the World”
16:30-	Rim MEZIANI (Abu Dhabi University) “Features of the Old Settlements and Urbanization Aspects of the Saharan Oases in Algeria: A Case Study of the M’zab Valley, Ghardaia”
17:00-	Kaoru IMAMURA (Nagoya Gakuin University) “Significance of maintaining Crop-diversity in Sahara Oasis”
17:30-	Comment: Lutfallah GARI (Safety Engineer and Historian of Science and Technology, Yanbu, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia) & Samba Djiallo (Faculty of Languages, Arts and Human Sciences [FLASH], University of Bamako, Mali)

【お問い合わせ】

縄田浩志 （総合地球環境学研究所准教授）

大学共同利用機関法人 人間文化研究機構

総合地球環境学研究所

〒603-8047 京都市北区上賀茂本山457番地4

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