Economics of Sustainable Agriculture examines how economic perspectives can help resolve the persistent problem of nitrogen pollution caused by fertilizer use in modern agriculture. While chemical fertilizers have greatly increased productivity, their excessive application has generated serious environmental and social costs. This book addresses why progress in nitrogen pollution control has been limited and what is required to achieve sustainable nitrogen use. It introduces non-market valuation methods to assess the social costs of nitrogen in monetary terms, enabling clearer comparisons between the costs and benefits of nitrogen control measures. In addition, the book analyzes behavioral changes among farmers and consumers, emphasizing the importance of production and consumption choices that account for nitrogen impacts. By exploring the effects of visualizing nitrogen footprints, the book reveals limitations of conventional agricultural policies and offers concrete recommendations for future environmental policy design.