This book is a reprint of the Special Issue Artisanal and Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Related Environmental and Health Problems that was published in International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.

This book focus on the artisnal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) all over the world, as well as its impact on the economy, environment, and health, and the proposed sustainable solutions to wicked ASGM problems. It presents a total of 20 published articles of the regions: Southeast Asia, South America, South Africa, and general. Studies included in this book contributes that: (1) ASGM activity is still widely practiced as an alternative livelihood in rural areas in many countries around the world, using toxic elements such as mercury and cyanide due to the lack of legal enforcement on ASGM sector; (2) ASGM has a negative impact on environmental ecosystems, causes occupational health problems for miners, and causes chronic health disorders in both ASGM communities and those living far from ASGM areas; and (3) some studies propose the specific potential bioindicators that could be used to monitor the environment and health of those living in ASGM communities while some suggest the sustainable solutions to the wicked ASGM problems.