A burning question of this century is how to solve the increasingly threatening problem of climate change. There are two schools of thought on how the problem may be solved by 2050, over the next 25 years. If there is a solution, it will either be via technological change or via behaviour modification induced by regulation, prices and attitudes. In either case, major societal change is necessary. This paper reviews the role of technology in forcing change over the past 150 years, as well as the success of active behaviour modification through regulation and prices.